Climate Change and Sustainability Drive in Higher Education Institutions: Policy Lessons for Carbon Neutrality from the Global North and Global South

Abstract

Higher Education Institutions (HEIs) play a critical role in addressing climate change through sustainability initiatives and carbon neutrality commitments. This study examines the sustainability practices of universities in the Global North and Global South, focusing on their environmental impact and strategies for achieving carbon neutrality. It draws on data from the QS World University Rankings: Sustainability 2026 and adopts a comparative case study approach to analyse 10 universities selected based on their Environmental Impact scores, with 5 institutions representing each region. The analysis considers key indicators including environmental sustainability, environmental education, and environmental research, along with institutional sustainability initiatives and climate targets. The findings conclude that despite notable differences in resources, governance frameworks, and technological capacity between universities in the Global North and Global South, the institutions in both regions demonstrate increasing commitment to sustainability through green campus initiatives, renewable energy adoption, and climate research. The study provides insights into best practices and policy lessons for advancing carbon neutrality in higher education globally.